While writing on-line with computers has hastened this trend, computers didn't initiate it. (However, through at least the end of the nineteenth century, spoken rhetorical skills were also seen as critically important to people with social and educational aspirations.) Since World War II, written English (at least in America) has increasingly come to reflect everyday speech. By the seventeenth century, the written (and printed) word was developing its own autonomous identity, a transformation that matured in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and first half of the twentieth centuries. Throughout the Middle Ages, written English predominately served transcript functions, enabling readers to represent earlier spoken words or (oral) ceremony, or to produce durable records of events, ideas, or spoken exchange. "n the course of the language's history, the relationship between spoken and written English has come nearly full circle. The Relationship Between Spoken and Written English.(Jenny Cheshire, "Spoken Standard English." Standard English: The Widening Debate, ed. The nature of standard English as primarily a written variety, together with the immersion of academics in written English, does not augur well for their recognition of structures that may be more typical of spoken English than written English." " inguists have inevitably had a long-standing and intensive contact with standard English.
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